Dead or Alive essays

Dead or Alive essays A Brief History of Cloning (1880 to present) August Weissmann states genetic information of a cell diminishes with each cell division. Walter Sutton proves chromosomes hold genetic information. Hans Spemann divides a Salamander embryo in two and shows early embryo cells retain all the genetic information necessary to create a new organism. Hans Spemann performs first nuclear transfer experiment. German scientist Hans Spemann proposes a "fantastical experiment" to transfer one cell's nucleus into an egg without a nucleus, the basic method that would eventually be used in cloning. Oswald Avery discovers genetic information is carried by the nucleic acids of cells. Watson and Crick find the structure of DNA. F.C. Steward grows whole carrot plants from carrot root cells. John Gurdon clones frogs from differentiated cells. J.B.S. Haldane coins the term 'clone.' Establishment of the complete genetic code. Shapiero and Beckwith isolate the first gene. Paul Berg creates the first recombinant DNA molecules. Cohen and Boyer create first recombinant DNA organisms. Karl Illmensee claims to have created mice with only one parent. The release of David Rorvik's book, In His Image: The Cloning of a Man, sparks a worldwide debate on cloning ethics. U.S. Supreme Court rules live, human made organisms are patentable material. Karl Illmensee and Peter Hoppe claim to have cloned mice by transplanting the nuclei of mouse embryo cells into mouse eggs. Other scientists are unable to reproduce the results. It is later discovered that the results were faked. Kary B. Mullis develops the polymerase chain reaction technique for rapid DNA synthesis. ...